Numbers

1. بىر، ئىككى، ئۈچ

   Bir, ik-ki, üch

   One, two, three

   Usage

   Basic counting

   Grammar Note

   Uyghur numerals are shared across Turkic languages. Full set: bir(1), ikki(2), üch(3), töt(4), besh(5), alte(6), yette(7), sekkiz(8), toqquz(9), on(10).

2. تۆت، بەش، ئالتە

   Töt, besh, al-te

   Four, five, six

   Usage

   Continuing to count

   Grammar Note

   These numbers have cognates in Uzbek, Kazakh, and Turkish. Uyghur "بەش" (5) is cognate with Turkish "beş" and other Turkic forms.

3. يەتتە، سەككىز، توققۇز، ئون

   Yet-te, sek-kiz, toq-quz, on

   Seven, eight, nine, ten

   Usage

   Continuing the number sequence

   Grammar Note

   Uyghur is decimal. Tens: "ئون"(10), "يىگىرمە"(20), "ئوتتۇز"(30), "قىرىق"(40), "ئەللىك"(50), "ئاتمىش"(60), "يەتمىش"(70), "سەكسەن"(80), "توقسان"(90).

4. يىگىرمە، ئوتتۇز، قىرىق

   Yi-gir-me, ot-tuz, qi-riq

   Twenty, thirty, forty

   Usage

   Expressing tens

   Grammar Note

   Uyghur tens are irregular (each a separate word). Compound numbers: "يىگىرمە بىر" (21), "ئوتتۇز ئىككى" (32), etc.

5. يۈز، مىڭ، ئون مىڭ

   Yüz, ming, on ming

   Hundred, thousand, ten thousand

   Usage

   Expressing larger numbers, commonly used in price negotiations

   Grammar Note

   Uyghur large numbers: يۈز(100), مىڭ(1,000), ئون مىڭ(10,000), يۈز مىڭ(100,000), بىر مىليون(1,000,000).

6. بىرىنچى، ئىككىنچى، ئۈچىنچى

   Bi-rin-chi, ik-kin-chi, ü-chin-chi

   First, second, third

   Usage

   Expressing ordinal numbers

   Grammar Note

   Ordinals are formed by adding "-ىنچى/-نچى" to cardinal numbers. This regular formation is a shared Turkic feature.

7. ئۈچ يۈز يىگىرمە بەش

   Üch yüz yi-gir-me besh

   Three hundred and twenty-five

   Usage

   Expressing specific prices or quantities

   Grammar Note

   Compound numbers go from largest to smallest denomination. Structure mirrors most world languages: hundreds + tens + ones.

8. يېرىم

   Yé-rim

   Half

   Usage

   Expressing half quantities or half-past time

   Grammar Note

   "يېرىم" (half) is used across Turkic languages. Usage: "ئىككى يېرىم" (2.5), "سائەت يېرىم" (half past the hour).

9. ھازىر سائەت نەچچە؟

   Ha-zir saet ne-chche?

   What time is it now?

   Usage

   Asking the current time

   Grammar Note

   "سائەت" from Arabic "sā'a" (hour/watch). To say "at 3 o'clock": "سائەت ئۈچتە" (using locative suffix "-تە").

10. بۈگۈن نەچچى؟

    Bü-gün ne-chchi?

    What is today's date?

    Usage

    Asking about the current date

    Grammar Note

    "بۈگۈن" (today) is common across Turkic (cf. Turkish "bugün"). Date answers use genitive: "ئاينىڭ بەشى" (the 5th of the month).

11. ئىككى خىل كەلتۈرۈڭ

    Ik-ki khil kel-tü-rüng

    Please bring two kinds

    Usage

    Specifying how many varieties to bring

    Grammar Note

    "خىل" (kind/type) is a versatile classifier in Uyghur. "بىر خىل" (one kind), "ئۈچ خىل" (three kinds).

12. مەن يىگىرمە يەتتە ياشتىمەن

    Men yi-gir-me yet-te yash-ti-men

    I'm 27 years old

    Usage

    Answering when someone asks "Qanche yashqa kirdingiz?" (how old are you?)

    Grammar Note

    Age is "numeral + yash + locative -ta"; with the subject men the predicate takes the 1st-person ending -men, giving yashtimen. An example is "Men emdi yigirme besh yashtimen" (I am now twenty-five). The bare yashta is the third-person form, as in "33 yashta idi" (he was 33).

13. مەن بۇ يىل يىگىرمە سەككىز ياشقا كىرىمەن

    Men bu yil yi-gir-me sek-kiz yash-qa ki-ri-men

    I turn 28 this year

    Usage

    Saying that your birthday falls within this year, so your age changes

    Grammar Note

    Uyghur expresses "to turn N" as "yashqa kirmek" (to enter the age of N). An example is "Taghum bu yil 60 yashqa kirdi" (my uncle turned 60 this year); the question form is "qanche yashqa kirdingiz?"

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